解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The liver is the most common site of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) and the status of this organ is an important determinant of overall survival in patients with advanced disease. Complete resection of hepatic CRC metastases can provide a long-term cure for some patients, but the majority of liver metastases are n...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.09.025
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In patients with recurrent, previously irradiated head and neck cancer, the traditional therapy of palliative single- or multi-agent chemotherapy yields a 30% to 40% response rate with median survival durations of 8 to 10 months. However, long-term survival is rarely observed. Reirradiation with or without concurrent ...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.09.003
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although more common in developing countries, over 11,000 deaths will occur in the United States from head and neck cancer in 2004. Squamous cell carcinomas account for the vast majority of cases in the United States and the majority of these are related to exposure to tobacco and alcohol. Newer data suggest a genetic...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.09.013
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quality of life (QOL) is an important consideration in the treatment of patients with advanced lung cancer because treatment is largely palliative. Moreover, QOL predicts survival in non-small cell lung cancer, and there is increasing acceptance by clinicians and regulatory authorities of symptoms and QOL as primary o...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.10.004
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer cells that express excessive levels of Bcl-2 pose a major problem in the delivery of curative therapy. Most treatments for such cancer involve chemotherapy to induce the apoptotic process. While these therapies often result in disease control for periods of time, failure to initiate apoptosis as a result of acq...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.10.014
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Platinum compounds have long played a role in the treatment of gynecologic cancers. Single-agent cisplatin and carboplatin have shown activity in endometrial cancer, and more recent studies have begun to investigate a variety of new platinum-based combinations. In cervical cancer, chemotherapy is used primarily to tre...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.11.007
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dry mouth (xerostomia) is one of the most common complaints following radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancers. Notably, RT causes irreparable damage to salivary glands that increases the risk for severe and long-term oral and pharyngeal disorders. Several strategies in the treatment of head and neck cancers h...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.12.009
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::For patients whose breast cancers are not responsive to endocrine therapy, there are a large number of cytotoxic drugs that will induce a response. In spite of the introduction of new, very active drugs such as the taxanes, vinorelbine, capecitabine, gemcitabine, and trastuzumab, the anthracyclines are still as active...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.09.018
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood, yet it makes up only 1% of adult brain tumors. MB is uniquely sensitive to chemotherapy and radiation, but successful surgical resection continues to be an important component of therapeutic success. Progress in the treatment of MB has occurre...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.07.009
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because patients with metastatic bone disease suffer a significant burden from their illness and from anticancer treatments, it is therefore important to minimize the side effects of bisphosphonates. The intravenous bisphosphonates, zoledronic acid and pamidronate, have tolerability issues that include a flu-like synd...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.07.030
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditional cancer diagnostic techniques include assessment of histologic appearance, identification of specific tumor subtypes, tumor grading, assessment of lymph node status, and presence of metastasis. These are useful for initial evaluation, but are limited in their ability to predict response to treatment and/or ...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.07.017
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::While cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract are related by location, they have distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. This review will focus on the molecular biology of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) of which alterations in p53, overexpression of cyclin D1, loss of p16, and aneuploidy have been best c...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.04.019
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2002, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) revised the staging system for cutaneous melanoma on the basis of a survival analysis of important melanoma prognostic factors. Features of the revised system include new strata for primary tumor thickness, incorporation of primary tumor ulceration as an important...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.03.018
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intraoperative lymphatic mapping and selective lymphadenectomy for solid malignancies is a novel technique, having been introduced into surgical practice in the last 12 years. Dissemination of this technique among surgeons has followed a course similar to that found with the introduction of new laparoscopic techniques...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.03.005
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent data indicate that cellular immune responses can produce an anticancer effect. Two types of cellular immune responses appear to be clinically relevant: antigen specific immunity mediated by T cells that recognize tumor-associated peptide antigen expressed on surface HLA class I or class II molecules, and antige...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.02.021
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Targeted therapy for breast cancer has existed since 1986, when Beatson published his observations on oophorectomy. In the past 5 years monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been evaluated in phase I and II clinical trials of breast cancer. Trastuzumab (Herceptin; Genentech, Inc, South San Francisc...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.02.018
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a biweekly neoadjuvant docetaxel/gemcitabine regimen in patients with histologically confirmed stage II and III breast cancer. In addition, a cDNA microarray study attempted to correlate pretreatment gene-expression profile with clinical and pathologi...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.03.025
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Angiogenesis is required for multistage carcinogenesis. The inducible enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an important mediator of angiogenesis and tumor growth. COX-2 expression occurs in a wide range of preneoplastic and malignant conditions; and the enzyme has been localized to the neoplastic cells, endothelial cell...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.03.040
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lymphoma and myeloma represent an increasingly important cause of morbidity and mortality in the older patient group. Studies to date, while limited, suggest that there may be differences in the underlying biology of the tumor cell of some lymphoid malignancies in younger versus older patients. Significant new data wi...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2003.12.030
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Solid malignancies often exhibit high interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), which causes poor uptake of anticancer drugs. While there are several mechanisms that regulate IFP in tumors, activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor, which is expressed in various cell types within the tumor microenvironment, has b...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.03.036
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monoclonal antibodies directed at the lymphoid antigens have become established treatments for hematological malignancies either alone or in combination with chemotherapy. However, their incorporation in the transplant setting remains investigational. This review focuses on the currently available data for in vitro an...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2003.11.005
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maintenance therapy using rituximab is currently under consideration as a means of prolonging remission in patients with indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A phase II trial using rituximab as first-line therapy followed by maintenance treatment was carried out in patients with previously untreated indolent non-Hodgkin's...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expanding knowledge about basic biology and a detailed understanding of the signaling pathways that participate in the growth and metastasis of breast cancer have identified opportunities for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention. Endocrine therapy represents the first and most successful example of targeted therapy...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.01.003
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme involved in prostaglandin production in pathologic states such as inflammatory processes and cancer. The enzyme is often overexpressed in premalignant lesions and various cancers, including cancer of the lung. Inhibition of this enzyme with selective COX-2 inhibitors was found to ...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2003.12.014
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin; Biogen Idec Inc, Cambridge, MA), the first radioimmunotherapeutic agent approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, is a promising treatment option in patients with relapsed or refractory low-grade, follicular, or transformed B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, including patients wit...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2003.10.003
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The literature documents that the majority of breast cancer survivors have adjusted well after their first 2 years since diagnosis. However, there is a subset of survivors reporting psychological distress, including depression and anxiety, involving approximately 30% by 4 years post-treatment, but widely ranging from ...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2003.08.025
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Organ function preservation in patients with head and neck cancer can be achieved by intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Much of the work on the physics of IMRT has been done for currently available IMRT systems. However, clinical data remain scarce. Before IMRT is accepted as a standard of care, more compre...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2003.11.009
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This ongoing study was initiated to determine the feasibility of administering amifostine (Ethyol, WR-2721; MedImmune, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD) with monomodal high-dose rate (mHDR) brachytherapy and to assess the tolerability and side effects of this combination. To date, 18 patients suitable for prostate implant brachy...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2003.11.010
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elderly patients with malignant gliomas present unique treatment challenges. Data are limited on the efficacy of various treatment modalities for high-grade gliomas in the elderly patient population, particularly for patients over 70 years of age, and the most appropriate treatment strategies remain a matter of debate...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2003.11.027
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The results of adjuvant chemotherapy in high-grade gliomas are disappointing. Carmustine (BCNU) wafers placed in the resection cavity provide a modest increase in median survival. However, the overall benefit of this approach is small, it offers no potential for cure, and the results are not statistically significant ...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2003.11.035
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Imaging prostate cancer continues to represent a clinical challenge for both primary and recurrent disease. In the evaluation of the persistent/recurrent/metastatic prostate cancer, knowledge of cancer location (local v distant), size, and extent are essential in order to design a treatment, tailored to each patient's...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0093-7754(03)00359-2
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modulation of the signaling pathways that are aberrant in cancer cells has the potential to provide an effective nontoxic approach to patient management in a broad range of cancers. This quest has taken a major leap forward with the demonstration that STI-571 (imatinib mesylate) induces clinical and molecular remissio...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2003.08.011
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemotherapy for prostate cancer currently has an established role in the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. There is strong evidence that combined modality treatment with androgen ablation in addition to radiotherapy provides a benefit above and beyond radiotherapy alone in patients with a poor prognosi...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0093-7754(03)00274-4
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxaliplatin, which was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer, is often administered to patients with altered liver function caused by hepatic metastases. Because of the absence of data on the clearance of oxaliplatin in patients with liver dysfunction,...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/s0093-7754(03)00400-7
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, several new cytotoxic agents have been investigated for the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including the antimetabolic gemcitabine (Gemzar; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN) and the new multitargeted antifolate pemetrexed (Alimta, Eli Lilly and Company), which are both among ...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0093-7754(03)00284-7
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) remain major obstacles to successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, contributing substantially to morbidity and non-relapse mortality. Better understanding of the immunopathophysiology of GvHD has identified a number of targets for intervention. A...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0093-7754(03)00250-1
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The curative management of gastric adenocarcinoma depends on complete resection of the primary tumor. In patients with lymph node metastases in the resected specimen, the relapse and death rates from recurrent cancer are 70% to 80%. There is continued debate over whether more extensive lymph node dissection (D2) impro...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0093-7754(03)00298-7
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme-dependent arachidonic acid metabolites occupy key positions in important physiologic processes such as immunity, reproduction, and vascular integrity. Large retrospective and prospective population-based studies have shown that the use of both nonselective, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory dr...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0093-7754(03)00120-9
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of targeted agents has brought new opportunities and extraordinary therapeutic challenges to cancer therapy. Several agents that inhibit epidermal growth factor receptor (HER1/EGFR) tyrosine kinase have been developed and are advanced in their clinical development. Preclinical and clinical data show th...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein that is normally expressed in certain parts of the body and commonly overexpressed in most carcinomas of the colon, rectum, breast, lung, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract. Increased expression of CEA promotes increased intercellular adhesions, which may lead to meta...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0093-7754(03)00233-1
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00